London Calling

London Calling
Studio album by The Clash
Released 14 December 1979
Recorded Wessex Studios, London, August–September, November 1979
Genre Punk rock, reggae
Length 65:13
Label CBS, Epic, Legacy
Producer Guy Stevens, Mick Jones
The Clash chronology
Give 'Em Enough Rope
(1978)
London Calling
(1979)
Sandinista!
(1980)
The Clash compilations and lives chronology
The Essential Clash
(2003)
London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition
(2004)
Singles Box
(2006)
Singles from London Calling
  1. "London Calling"
    Released: 7 December 1979
  2. "Clampdown"
    Released: 14 December 1979
  3. "Train in Vain"
    Released: 12 February 1980

London Calling is the third studio album by the English punk rock band The Clash. It was released in the United Kingdom on 14 December 1979 through CBS Records, and in the United States in January 1980 through Epic Records. The album represented a change in The Clash's musical style, which featured elements of ska, pop, soul, jazz, rockabilly and reggae more prominently than before.[1] The album's subject matter included unemployment, racial conflict, drug use, and the responsibilities of adulthood.[2]

The album received unanimously positive reviews and was ranked at number eight on Rolling Stone' list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003.[3] London Calling was a top ten album in the UK, and its lead single "London Calling" was a top 20 single.[4] It has sold over two million copies worldwide,[3] and was certified platinum in the United States.[5]

Contents

Recording and production

After recording their 1978 album Give 'Em Enough Rope in the United States, the band separated from their manager Bernard Rhodes.[6] This separation meant that the band had to leave their rehearsal studio in Camden Town and find another location to compose their music. Drawing inspiration from rockabilly, ska, reggae and jazz,[2] the band began work on the album during the summer of 1979. Tour manager Johnny Green had found the band a new place to rehearse called Vanilla Studios, which was located in the back of a garage in Pimlico.[7][8] The band quickly wrote and recorded demos, with Jones composing and arranging much of the music and Strummer supplying the lyrics.[2]

In August 1979, the band entered Wessex Studios to begin recording London Calling. The Clash asked Guy Stevens to produce the album, much to the dismay of CBS Records.[9] Stevens had alcohol and drug problems and his production methods were unconventional.[2] While recording he would often swing ladders and throw chairs around the band to create an emotional atmosphere.[2] The Clash got along well with Stevens, especially bassist Paul Simonon, who found his work to be very helpful and productive to his playing and their recording as a band. While recording, the band would play football to pass the time. This was a way for them to bond together as well as take their mind off of the music, and the games got very serious. Doing this helped bring the band together, and sort of unified them, making the recording process easier and more productive.[10] The entire album was recorded within a matter of weeks, with many songs recorded in one or two takes.[2]

Artwork

The pink and green typography of Elvis Presley's debut album inspired the design of London Calling.

The album's cover features a photograph of Simonon smashing his Fender Precision Bass (on display at the Cleveland Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as of May 2009)[11] against the stage at The Palladium in New York City on 21 September 1979 during the "Clash Take the Fifth" US tour.[12][13] Pennie Smith, who photographed the band for the album, originally did not want the photograph to be used. She thought that it was too out of focus, but Strummer and graphic designer Ray Lowry thought it would make a good album cover.[13][14] In 2002, Smith's photograph was named the best rock and roll photograph of all time by Q magazine, commenting that "it captures the ultimate rock'n'roll moment - total loss of control".[15]

The cover artwork was designed by Lowry and was a homage to the design of Elvis Presley's debut album.[16][17] The cover was named the ninth best album cover of all time by Q magazine in 2001.[18]

The album cover for London Calling was among the ten chosen by the Royal Mail for a set of "Classic Album Cover" postage stamps issued in January 2010.[19][20]

Release

This album published in UK as LP record in 1979, as compact cassette in 1986 and as remastered CD in 1999. The remastered CD in digipack was published in 2001. In 2004, its 25th anniversary edition was published with a bonus CD & bonus DVD also in digipack.

This album published in US as LP record and 8-track cartridge in 1980 and as CD in 1987. The remastered CD was published in 2000. In 2004, its 25th anniversary legacy edition was published with a bonus CD & bonus DVD. It has published as a limited edition picture disc LP in 2010.

The gatefold cover design of LP was only published in Japan.

Though London Calling was released as a double album it was only sold for about the price of a single album. The Clash's record label, CBS, at first denied the band's request for the album to be released as a double. In return CBS gave permission for the band to include a free 12-inch single that played at 33⅓ rpm. Ultimately, the planned 12-inch record became a second nine-track LP.[8]

Upon release, London Calling sold approximately two million copies.[3] The album peaked at number nine in the United Kingdom[4] and was certified gold in December 1979.[21] The album performed strongly outside the United Kingdom. It reached number two in Sweden[22] and number four in Norway.[23] In the United States, London Calling peaked at number 27 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart[24] and was certified platinum in February 1996.[5]

In 2000, along with the rest of the band's catalogue, London Calling was remastered and reissued in compact disc format in the United States by Epic Records. Four years later the album was released as a Legacy Edition, which had a bonus CD and DVD. The bonus CD features the The Vanilla Tapes, missing recordings made by the band in mid-1979.[25] The DVD includes The Last Testament - The Making of London Calling, a film by Don Letts, as well as previously unseen video footage and music videos.

London Calling produced two of the band's most successful singles. "London Calling" preceded the album with a 7 December 1979 release. It reached number 11 on the UK Singles Chart.[4] The song's music video, directed by Letts, featured the band performing the song on a boat in the pouring rain with the River Thames behind them.[26] In the US, "Train in Vain" backed with "London Calling" was released as a single in February 1980. It reached number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and "London Calling"/"Train in Vain" reached number 30 on the Billboard Disco Top 100 chart.[27]

Songs

"London Calling", the album's opening track, was partially influenced by the March 1979 accident at a nuclear reactor at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania. Strummer's lyrics also discuss the problems of rising unemployment, racial conflict and drug use in Britain.[28] The second track, "Brand New Cadillac", was written and originally recorded by Vince Taylor and was the first track recorded for London Calling. The band cite the song as "one of the first British rock'n'roll records" and had initially used it as a warm up song before recording.[29][30] "Rudie Can't Fail", the album's fifth song, features a horn section and mixes elements of pop, soul, ska and reggae music together. Its lyrics chronicle the life of a fun-loving young man who is criticised for his inability to act like a responsible adult.[1]

"Spanish Bombs" is a song that tells the story of the Spanish Civil War.[31] It received positive reviews from critics, with one reviewer stating that its "combination of thoughtful lyrics and an energetic performance" made it a "highlight of London Calling".[32] The album's eighth track, "Lost in the Supermarket", was written by Strummer who imagined Jones' childhood growing up in a basement with his mother and grandmother.[33] "Clampdown" began as a instrumental track called "Working and Waiting".[31] Its lyrics comment on people who forsake the idealism of youth and urge young people to fight the status quo.[34] The tenth track, "The Guns of Brixton", was the first Paul Simonon composition the band recorded, and the first to feature him on lead vocals. Simonon was originally doubtful about the song's lyrics, which discuss an individual's paranoid outlook on life, but was encouraged to continue working on it by Strummer.[31]

The album's twelfth track, "Death or Glory", features Strummer looking back at his life, acknowledging the complications and responsibilities of adulthood.[35] While working on "The Card Cheat", the band recorded everything twice to create a "sound as big as possible".[36] "Revolution Rock", a reggae song, received mixed reviews from critics, and Strummer and Jones were criticised by NME for their inability to compose credible love songs.[37] The final track, "Train in Vain", was originally not included in the track list printed on the album's back cover.[38] The song was initially going to be given away for free through a promotion with NME, but when the deal fell through it was added to the album at the last minute.[39]

Reception, influence and accolades

 Professional ratings
Review scores
Source Rating
Allmusic 5/5 stars [40]
PopMatters (Very favourable) [41]
Pitchfork Media (10.0/10) [42]
Mojo 5/5 stars (Oct 2004, p. 123)
Blender 5/5 stars [43]
Rolling Stone (1980) (very favourable) [44]
Rolling Stone (2004) 5/5 stars [45]
Robert Christgau (A+) [46]
Paste 5/5 stars [47]
Punknews.org 5/5 stars [48]

The album received positive reviews from critics, and has since become widely accepted as one of the greatest rock albums of all time. It was named best album of the year in the 1980 Rolling Stone critics' poll and also topped the 1980 Village Voice Pazz & Jop critics' poll. In 1987, London Calling was ranked number 14 on Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Best Albums of the Last Twenty Years". Rolling Stone also ranked London Calling at number one on its 1989 list of the "100 Greatest Albums of the 80's" despite its 1979 release.[49] In 1993, NME ranked the album at number six on its list of The Greatest Albums of the '70s.[50] Vibe magazine included the double album on its list of the 100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century.[51] Q magazine ranked London Calling at number four on its 1999 list of the 100 Greatest British Albums,[52] and, in 2002, included the album in its list of the 100 Best Punk Albums.[53]

Robert Christgau described London Calling as "warm, angry, and thoughtful, confident, melodic, and hard-rocking" and called it "the best double-LP since Exile on Main Street".[54] Stephen Erlewine of Allmusic wrote that London Calling was "invigorating, rocking harder and with more purpose than most albums, let alone double albums" and called it "one of the greatest rock & roll albums ever recorded".[55]

Alternative Press included London Calling on its 2001 list of the 10 Essential '80s Albums.[56] Tom Carson of Rolling Stone said it "celebrates the romance of rock & roll rebellion in grand, epic terms"[57] and ranked London Calling number eight on its 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.[3] In the same year, Mojo magazine ranked the album at number twenty-two on its Top 50 Punk Albums.[58] London Calling was named album of the year by Stereo Review for 1980.

In 2004, Pitchfork Media reviewer Amanda Petrusich named "London Calling" the album's best song and wrote that "The Clash do not let go; each track builds on the last, pummeling and laughing and slapping us into dumb submission".[59] The website ranked the album at number two on its list of the Top 100 Albums of the 70s,[60] Sal Ciolfi of PopMatters called the album a "big, loud, beautiful collection of hurt, anger, restless thought, and above all hope" and wrote that "if released tomorrow would still seem relevant and vibrant",[61] and the College Music Journal ranked it at number three on its Top 20 Most-Played Albums of 1980.[62]

In 2007, London Calling was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, a collection of recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance.[63]

As an illustration of the album's lasting impact, on 2 December 2009 it was featured on the BBC Radio 1 Masterpieces Series, marking it as one of the most influential albums of all time, some thirty years after its original release.[64]

Track listing

Standard edition

Side one
No. Title Writer(s) Lead vocals Length
1. "London Calling"   Joe Strummer, Mick Jones Strummer 3:19
2. "Brand New Cadillac"   Vince Taylor Strummer 2:09
3. "Jimmy Jazz"   Strummer, Jones Strummer 3:51
4. "Hateful"   Strummer, Jones Strummer 3:22
5. "Rudie Can't Fail"   Strummer, Jones Strummer, Jones 3:26
Side two
No. Title Writer(s) Lead vocals Length
1. "Spanish Bombs"   Strummer, Jones Strummer, Jones 3:18
2. "The Right Profile"   Strummer, Jones Strummer 4:00
3. "Lost in the Supermarket"   Strummer, Jones Jones 3:47
4. "Clampdown"   Strummer, Jones Strummer, Jones 3:50
5. "The Guns of Brixton"   Paul Simonon Simonon 3:07
Side three
No. Title Writer(s) Lead vocals Length
1. "Wrong 'Em Boyo" (including Stagger Lee) Clive Alphonso Strummer 3:10
2. "Death or Glory"   Strummer, Jones Strummer 3:55
3. "Koka Kola"   Strummer, Jones Strummer 1:45
4. "The Card Cheat"   Jones, Strummer, Simonon, Topper Headon Jones 3:51
Side four
No. Title Writer(s) Lead vocals Length
1. "Lover's Rock"   Strummer, Jones Strummer 4:01
2. "Four Horsemen"   Strummer, Jones Strummer 3:00
3. "I'm Not Down"   Strummer, Jones Jones 3:00
4. "Revolution Rock"   Jackie Edwards, Danny Ray Strummer 5:37
5. "Train in Vain"   Strummer, Jones Jones 3:11

On the original record, "Train in Vain" was not listed on the sleeve, nor the label on the record itself, but an extraneous sticker indicating the track was affixed to the outer cellophane wrapper. It was also scratched into the vinyl in the run-off area on the fourth side of the album.

25th Anniversary Legacy Edition

The 25th Anniversary Edition of the album was released in 2004 and contains The Vanilla Tapes (an early version of the album based on a lost master tape, and previously only available as a bootleg) as a bonus disc, and a DVD featuring the making of the album, the music videos and video footage of The Clash recording in Wessex Studios.

Bonus disc track listing
No. Title Writer(s) Length
1. "Hateful"   Strummer, Jones 3:23
2. "Rudie Can't Fail"   Strummer, Jones 3:08
3. "Paul's Tune"   Simonon 2:32
4. "I'm Not Down"   Strummer, Jones 3:24
5. "4 Horsemen"   Strummer, Jones 2:45
6. "Koka Kola, Advertising & Cocaine"   Strummer, Jones 1:57
7. "Death or Glory"   Strummer, Jones 3:47
8. "Lover's Rock"   Strummer, Jones 3:45
9. "Lonesome Me"   The Clash 2:09
10. "The Police Walked in 4 Jazz"   Strummer, Jones 2:19
11. "Lost in the Supermarket"   Strummer, Jones 3:52
12. "Up-Toon" (instrumental) Strummer, Jones 1:57
13. "Walking the Sidewalk"   The Clash 2:34
14. "Where You Gonna Go (Soweto)"   The Clash 4:05
15. "The Man in Me"   Bob Dylan 3:57
16. "Remote Control"   Strummer, Jones 2:39
17. "Working and Waiting"   Strummer, Jones 4:11
18. "Heart & Mind"   The Clash 4:27
19. "Brand New Cadillac"   Taylor 2:08
20. "London Calling"   Strummer, Jones 4:26
21. "Revolution Rock"   Edwards, Ray 3:51
DVD track listing
No. Title Length
1. "The Last Testament - The Making of London Calling"    
2. "London Calling" (music video)  
3. "Train in Vain" (music video)  
4. "Clampdown" (music video)  
5. "Home video footage of The Clash recording in Wessex Studios"    

Personnel

Guest musicians

Production

Charts

Chart (1979) Peak
position
Swedish Albums Chart[22] 2
UK Albums Chart[4] 9
Chart (1980) Peak
position
Austrian Albums Chart[65] 17
Norwegian Albums Chart[23] 4
US Billboard Pop Albums[24] 27
Chart (2004) Peak
position
Norwegian Albums Chart[23] 17
Swedish Albums Chart[22] 45
Swiss Albums Chart[66] 72
UK Albums Chart[4] 26

Sources

  • Gilbert, Pat (2005) [2004]. Passion Is a Fashion: The Real Story of The Clash (4th ed.). London: Aurum Press. pp. 212–213, 235–237, 259–260. ISBN 1845131134. OCLC 61177239. 
  • Green, Johnny; Garry Barker (2003) [1997]. A Riot of Our Own: Night and Day with The Clash (3rd ed.). London: Orion. pp. 156–158, 161–162, 165, 194–196, 218–219. ISBN 0752858432. OCLC 52990890. 

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 Guarisco, Donald A. "Rudie Can't Fail Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Sinclair, Tom. "The Best Album of All Time". Entertainment Weekly. 24 September 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: London Calling". Rolling Stone. 1 November 2003. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "UK Chart Archive". everyHit.co.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  5. 5.0 5.1 "RIAA Searchable Database". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  6. Gilbert 2005, pp. 212-213.
  7. Green 2003, p. 156.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 58.
  9. Gilbert 2005, p. 235.
  10. Making of 'London Calling': The Last Testament. Dir. Don Letts. Perf. Joe Strummer, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, Topper Headon, and Kosmo Vinyl. Sony Music, 2004. DVD.
  11. "Exhibit and Information Guide." p. 5. Retrieved 17 May 2009.
  12. Green 2003, pp. 195–196.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 70.
  14. Godwin, Richard (15 June 2010). "London Calling again". Evening Standard. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/music/article-23845073-london-calling-again.do. Retrieved 16 June 2010. "Lowry: “Actually, I had no idea it was out of focus. Half-blind at the best of times and half-pissed at the time, that simply had to be the one.”" 
  15. Judd, Terri. "One hundred timeless rock'n'roll moments, and the photographers who...". The Independent. 24 January 2002. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  16. Green 2003, p. 194.
  17. Tryangiel, Josh. "The All-TIME 100 Albums: London Calling". Time. 13 November 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  18. O'Connor, Mickey. "London's Q magazine picked these; what are yours?". Entertainment Weekly. 14 March 2001. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  19. "Classic Album Covers: Issue Date – 7 January 2010". Royal Mail. http://www.royalmail.com/portal/stamps/content1?catId=32300674&mediaId=112400790. Retrieved 2010-01-08. 
  20. Michaels, Sean (8 January 2010). "Coldplay album gets stamp of approval from Royal Mail". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/jan/08/coldplay-album-stamp-approval. Retrieved 2010-01-08. 
  21. "British gold certification for London Calling. British Phonographic Industry. 31 December 1979. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  22. 22.0 22.1 22.2 "Discography The Clash". SwedishCharts.com. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  23. 23.0 23.1 23.2 "Discography The Clash". NorwegianCharts.com. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  24. 24.0 24.1 "The Clash > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums". Allmusic. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  25. Gilbert, Pat. "The 'Vanilla Tapes'". London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition (CD liner notes). September 2004.
  26. Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 69.
  27. "The Clash > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". Allmusic. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  28. "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: The Clash London Calling". Rolling Stone. 9 December 2004. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  29. Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 65.
  30. Gilbert 2005, p. 237.
  31. 31.0 31.1 31.2 Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 67.
  32. Guarisco, Donald A. "Spanish Bombs Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  33. London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition. "The Last Testament - The Making of London Calling". Information about the recording of London Calling. Accessed 18 February 2008.
  34. Guarisco, Donald A. "Clampdown Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  35. Gilbert 2005, p. 259.
  36. Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". Uncut. October 2004. p. 68.
  37. Gilbert 2005, p. 260.
  38. Green 2003, p. 218.
  39. Back, Johnny. "The Greatest Songs Ever! "Train in Vain (Stand by Me)"". Blender. April/May 2002. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  40. Allmusic Review
  41. PopMatters Review
  42. Pitchfork Media Review
  43. Blender Review
  44. |http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/theclash/albums/album/96655/review/5942254/london_calling Rolling Stone review (1980)]
  45. Rolling Stone review (2004)
  46. Robert Christgau Review
  47. Paste Magazine Review
  48. Punknews.org Review
  49. "100 Greatest Albums of the Eighties". Rolling Stone. November 1989. 
  50. "The Greatest Albums Of The '70s". NME: 18. September 11, 1993. 
  51. "100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century". Vibe: 160. December 1999. 
  52. "100 Greatest British Albums". Q magazine: 90. December 1999. 
  53. "100 Best Punk Albums". Q magazine Special Edition: 136. February 2002. 
  54. Christgau, Robert. "The Clash Consumer Guide Reviews". RobertChristgau.com. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  55. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "London Calling > Review". Allmusic. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
  56. "10 Essential '80s Albums". Alternative Press: 112. August 2001. 
  57. Carson, Tom. "London Calling: The Clash: Review". Rolling Stone. 22 January 1997. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  58. "Top 50 Punk Albums". Mojo: 76. March 2003. 
  59. Petrusich, Amanda. "The Clash London Calling: 25th Anniversary Legacy Edition". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  60. "Pitchforkmedia's Top 100 Albums of the 70's". RateYourMusic.com. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  61. Ciolfi, Sal. "The Clash: London Calling - PopMatters Music Review". PopMatters. 10 March 2004. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  62. "Top 20 Most-Played Albums of 1980". College Music Journal: 6. 5 January 2004. 
  63. "Grammy Hall of Fame Award". Grammy.com. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  64. Lowe, Zane (2 December 2009). "Masterpieces". BBC 1. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/zanelowe/masterpieces/2009/. Retrieved 3 December 2009. 
  65. "Discographie The Clash". AustrianCharts.at. Retrieved 17 February 2008.
  66. "Discography The Clash". SwissCharts.com. Retrieved 17 February 2008.

Further reading

  • Clash, The (2008). The Clash: Strummer, Jones, Simonon, Headon. London: Atlantic Books. ISBN 1843547880. OCLC 236120343. 
  • Gray, Marcus (2005) [1995]. The Clash: Return of the Last Gang in Town (5th revised ed.). London: Helter Skelter. ISBN 1905139101. OCLC 60668626. 
  • Letts, Don; Joe Strummer, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, Topper Headon, Terry Chimes, Rick Elgood, The Clash. (2001). The Clash, Westway to the World. [Documentary]. New York, NY: Sony Music Entertainment; Dorismo; Uptown Films. Event occurs at 49:30–55:00. ISBN 0738900826. OCLC 49798077. 
  • Lowry, Ray (2007). The Clash. Warwick: Angry Penguin. ISBN 1906283362. OCLC 165412921. 
  • Miles, Barry (1981). The Clash. London and New York: Omnibus Press. OCLC 7676911. 
  • Needs, Kris (2005-01-25). Joe Strummer and the Legend of the Clash. London: Plexus. ISBN 085965348X. OCLC 53155325. 
  • Quantick, David (2000). The Clash. Kill Your Idols. London: Unanimous. ISBN 1903318033. OCLC 59417418. 
  • Tobler, John, and Barry Miles (1983). The Clash. London and New York: Omnibus. ISBN 0711902887. OCLC 21335564. 
  • Topping, Keith (2004) [2003]. The Complete Clash (2nd ed.). Richmond: Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 1903111706. OCLC 63129186. 

External links